KICUKIRO DISTRICT TVET COMPREHENSIVE EXAM

ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021

EXAM TITLE: EDIT VIDEO

RTQF LEVEL 5

DATE: THURSDAY 10/3/2022

OPTION: MULTIMEDIA

DURATION: 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES:

Attempt all questions of section A /30 Marks

Attempt all questions of section B /40 Marks

Choose two questions randomly of section C /30 Marks

Read the question carefully

SECTION A: /60 Marks

Multiple Choice:

Q1. For which two reasons should you use a transition? ? (3 marks)

a. To smooth out an unexpected edit

b. A transition should never be used.

c. To signify a change in location or time

d. To extend your footage

Q2. Which option lets you export a single frame from the source Monitor or Program Monitor panel? (3 marks)

a. Right Click in the panel

b. Click the export frame button

c. Clip > Export> Still

d. Compositing>render>Still

Q3. Premiere Pro project files have the file extension. (3 marks)

a. .prproj

b. .ap

c. .preproj

d. .prem

Q4. . Most Digital Nonlinear Systems Organize Source Clips Into What? (3 marks)

a. Bins

b. Beans

c. Beams

Q5. Video Scan Rates Utilizing Two Alternating Fields Per Single Frame Are Known As _______________ Scan. (3 marks)

a. Interlaced

b. Progressive

Q6. What Is The Name Of The Property To Increase Or Decrease The Footage Size ? (3 marks)

a. Scale

b. Scele

c. Sicale

d. Cropping

Q7. If A Clip In Your Sequence Has missed, How Might You Correct It? (3 marks)

a. Point the pointer on it from the source panel then Right click choose link or Reconnect

b. Point the pointer on it from the Timeline panel then Right click choose Replace

c. Point the program at the source media using Relink or Reconnect

What are 5 files format supported by adobe premiere pro? (5 marks)

Q8. What Is An In Point? (3 marks)

a. A marker indicating where an edit will mark

b. A marker indicating where an edit will begin

c. A marker indicating where an edit will be marked out

Q9. What Happens When You Delete A Clip From A Bin? (3 marks)

a. The clip is removed from the project but the source media remains on the saved location.

b. The clip is removed from the project bin but the source media remains on the project

c. The clip is removed from the project but the source media remains on the Effect Control panel

Q10. What is Jump cut and how to avoid it? (3 marks)

An edit where the frames of the preceding and proceeding footage are so similar that it produces a jarring transition.

Section B: /40 marks

Q11. Clasify all the three ways of importing the footages in premiere pro?(10 marks)

There are three main ways to import files.

1. Standard import

Standard import by choosing File > Import This is the straightforward version of importing and is very similar to the way other applications import files. The keyboard shortcut for this is Cmd +I [Ctl+I], which opens the standard Import dialog.

2. Import using Media Browser

Some files will perform better in Premiere if you import using the Media Browser. The Media Browser in Adobe Premiere Pro allows you to easily browse for files on your computer, then import them – and all their related files – into Premiere. It can also stay open all the time, giving you an immediate and optimized to locate and import footage.

This is the preferred way to import many camera-formatted files, such as AVCHD, which often use complex folder structures with separate files for audio and video. This process also mates video files with associated metadata generated by some cameras. The media browser is like a directory browser, with forward and back buttons for easy navigation.

To import from the Media Browser, simply select a clip (or folder) and drag it into your project panel or double-click the file (or folder To view a panel full screen click on the panel so it is highlighted in blue, then press the tilde (~) key (it’s above the tab key on the left side of the keyboard).

To exit full screen type tilde (~) again or click escape. This is especially useful when using the navigation tool in the Media Browser or trying to view clip thumbnails in the Project tab. This is also how you play back video full screen in Premiere. Pressing tilde (~) maximizes the panel within Premiere, clicking Control tilde (~) makes the video completely fill the screen.

3. Select and drag files from finder into the Premiere project panel

This is the import method most likely to result in an error, which is why it is listed as the third choice. That being said, it is possible to simply drag files into the project panel. We strongly recommend using the media browser to import AVCHD files.

Q12. Differentiate clearly the term Back up from Archive

· Backup is for recovery from hardware failure or recent data corruption or loss

· Archive is for space management and long term retention

Backup

· One of multiple copies of data in active use

· Kept in sync with active storage

· Should be fast to restore in the event of unrecoverable active online storage failure

· Intended for short term data retention

· Retained for as long as data is in active use

Creative Editing

Collaboration and media management are vitally important parts of any creative and efficient editing workflow. You might recognize some below challenges?

Having to manage massive data volumes
Finding the material becomes more challenging the bigger systems get
Being able to capture, edit and output more content, while at the same time being faster and more efficient
Video files getting bigger, so efficient storage management is required to reduce infrastructure costs
Collaboration becomes more important as teams might be spread across country or even worldwide

16. Explain clearly Four point of editing by emphasizing on the messages appear in Dialog Box after clicking on Insert icon.

· Change speed to fit to fill: …………………….……………………………………………………………………………

· Ignore source in …………………………………………………………………………………………………

· Ignore Source out…………………………………………………………………………………..............

· Ignore Sequence in ………………………………………………………………………………….................

· Ignore Sequence out ………………………………………………………………….

Change Clip Speed (Fit to Fill)

Maintains the source clip’s In and Out points, but changes the clip’s speed so that its duration matches the duration determined by the sequence In and Out points.

Trim Clip’s Head (Left Side)

Automatically changes the source clip’s In point so that its duration matches the duration determined by the sequence In and Out points.

Trim Clip’s Tail (Right Side)

Automatically changes the source clip’s Out point so that its duration matches the duration determined by the sequence In and Out points.

Ignore Sequence In Point

Disregards the sequence In point you set, and performs a three-point edit.

Ignore Sequence Out Point

Disregards the sequence Out point you set, and performs a three-point edit.

Replace one clip with another in a Timeline

You can replace one clip in a Timeline panel with another from the Source Monitor or a bin, retaining any effects that were applied to the original clip in a Timeline.

Using one of the following keyboard modifiers, drag a clip from the Project panel or Source Monitor onto a clip in a Timeline panel:

· To use the In point of the new clip, Alt-drag (Windows) or Option-drag (Mac OS). You may use the In point of the new clip, for example, if you have already trimmed it to start at the desired point of the action.

· To apply the In point of the original clip to the new clip, Shift-Alt-drag (Windows) or Shift-Option-drag (Mac OS). You may apply the In point of the original clip to the new clip, for example, if the new clip was shot synchronously with the original clip using another camera. In this case, applying the In point from the original clip will start the new clip from the same point in the action.

In a Timeline, clip position and effects are preserved, and any effects that were applied to the original clip are applied to the replacement clip.

Replace the source footage for a clip

You can replace the source footage for any clip in the Project panel. Replacing the source footage for a clip links it to a new source file. All instances of the clip and its subclips are retained in the Project panel and Timeline, with their In and Out points, and any applied effects, intact. However, the clip becomes linked to the replacement footage instead of its original footage. You can easily replace, for example, placeholder footage with final footage, or footage with a soundtrack in one language with identical footage with a different-language soundtrack, and keep all the same edits that were made with the original footage.

In the Project panel, select the clip for which you want new source footage.
Select Clip > Replace Footage.
In the Replace Footage For dialog box, browse to the file containing the replacement footage.
To rename the clip with the replacement footage filename, check Rename Clip To Filename.
Click Select.

Set sequence In and Out points

Navigate to the In point in a Timeline panel and click the Set In Point button in the Program Monitor.
Navigate to the Out point in a Timeline panel and click the Set Out Point button .

Set sequence In and Out points around a selection

In a Timeline panel, select one or more clips, or a gap, in the sequence.
Choose Marker > Mark Selection. This sets sequence In and Out points that match the selection’s In and Out points.

To set sequence In and Out points that match a clip’s In and Out points, select Marker > Mark Clip.

Remove sequence In and Out points

Make sure that the sequence is open in the Program Monitor.
Choose Marker > Clear Sequence Marker, and then choose an option to clear the In point, the Out point, or both.

Note:

You can also clear an In or Out point by Alt-clicking (Windows) or Option-clicking (Mac OS) the Set In button or the Set Out button .

17 . Briefly explain premiere pro tracks work?

Much in the way that railway tracks keep trains inline, sequences have video and audio tracks that position the audio and image characteristics of the clips you add to them. The simplest form of a sequence would have just one video track and perhaps one audio track. You add clips to tracks, one after another, from left to right, and they play in the order you position them.

Sequences can have many video and audio tracks. A complex video presentation can easily have a half dozen video tracks and dozens of layer of audio. As the play head moves from left to right it Premiere will play all the audio tracks and show the uppermost video track. Lower level video tracks are only visible if the opacity of the track above them is altered.

Text is placed on a transparent background on the highest video track in order to overlay the primary video track below. You might use multiple audio tracks to create a complete audio composition for your sequence, with original source dialogue, music, spot audio effects like cheering or fireworks, atmospheric sound and voice-over.

Create a new sequence

Each sequence has a specific image size and number of frames per second, or frame rate. You can create as many sequences as you like in a project, but you will usually work with just one master sequence to create your video.

· To create a new sequence, click the New Item menu in the Project panel and choose Sequence from the drop-down menu. Choose a preset based on the camera you used to record your videos. Don’t worry if you choose the wrong setting; the first time you add a clip to the sequence, you can choose to adjust the settings to match the clip.

· You can also create a new sequence based on a clip’s properties by dragging the clip onto the New Item menu in the Project panel.

· You can check the sequence’s frame size and frame rate by viewing it in the Project panel using List view.

Add clips to a sequence

You build your project by adding clips to the sequence.

Build your sequence

· Drag clips from the Project panel onto a track in the Timeline panel to begin building your sequence.

· You can also drag a clip displayed in the Source Monitor into the Timeline panel. If you added In and Out marks to a clip, only the selected portion of the clip will be added to your sequence.

· Use the Drag Video Only or Drag Audio Only icon at the bottom of the Source Monitor to drag only the video or audio into your sequence.

Remove clips from a sequence

Some video editors prefer to add everything to a sequence and then remove the clips they don’t want, gradually reducing the content until only the best material remains.

Move clips in a sequence

After adding clips to your sequence, you’ll likely want to rearrange them as you develop your project.

· To change the order of clips in your sequence, drag a clip to a new position, leaving a gap and overwriting whatever is there when you drop it.

· Hold Control (Windows) or Command (macOS) while dragging a clip to insert the clip at its new location and push existing clips to the right.

· To select just the video or audio part of a linked clip, right-click the clip and choose Unlink.

· You can turn video and audio linking off or on for the whole sequence by clicking the Linked Selection button at the top left of the Timeline panel.

· Use the Razor tool to divide a clip into two pieces you can move separately.

1.3.1 Audio/Video tracks management

Ø Adding audio tracks

You can control the number of video tracks and the number and type of audio tracks by creating a custom preset. After you start editing, you can always add and delete tracks as needed.

To add a single video or audio track

1. To add a single video track, right-click the video track header area and choose Add Track . Premiere Pro adds a video track.

18. Explain clearly two types of image file compression algorithm 15 Marks

There are two types of compression you can pick when optimizing your images:

If you are looking into optimizing your website’s performance, you will come across image optimization. Reducing the size of your images for the web can help you gain precious milliseconds of load time. There are two types of compression you can pick when optimizing your images: lossy and lossless compression. There are pros and cons to both and you, as a website owner, should evaluate both before making a decision.

Before we get started, you should know that there is no single best format or “quality setting” for images. It all boils down to which lossy or lossless algorithm is used to optimize each image.

What Is Lossy Image Compression

Lossy compression means that some data from the original image file is lost. This process is irreversible. Once you have compressed an image this way, you can’t go back. Well, you can’t go back in most cases.

Example: JPEG and GIF

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Lossy Compression

The biggest benefit of lossy compression is that it significantly reduces the size of the image file. The biggest con is that this is achieved with a loss of quality. Most compression tools available will let you choose the degree of compression that will be used on your images.

Finding The Right Balance

With lossy compression, it’s all about finding a good compromise between file size and image quality.

What is Lossless Image Compression?

Lossless compression means that you reduce the size of an image without any quality loss. Usually this is achieved by removing unnecessary meta data from JPEG and PNG files. We say usually, because with some other compression algorithms, like Imagify’s, other compression opportunities are leveraged without sacrificing the image’s quality. In theory, there are some image formats that are considered to be “lossless” such as GIF, PNG and BMP. However, depending on how they are optimized for the web, these formats may see a slight loss in quality (that your eyes won’t be able to pick up). The big benefit of lossless compression is that it allows you to retain the quality of your images while reducing their file size.

Good Lucky